Estrogen dose and progestogen type change PE risk
June 30, 2016
Short Attention Span Summary
Ingredients and dose matter in oral contraceptives. Lower dose estrogen – 20 vs. 30-40 micrograms – was safer, with lower risk for PE, stroke, and MI. Regarding the progestogen, desogestrel and gestodene, compared to levonorgestrel, were associated with ~2x the risk of PE but not stroke or MI. Why does this matter? The first thing to know is that use of an oral contraceptive (OCP) is part of the PERC criteria. And it’s also important to know that all OCPs are not created equal. Some have an even greater association with venous thromboembolism than others, and we need to know which ones.
FOAM Report
Abstract
BMJ. 2016 May 10;353:i2002. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i2002.
Weill A1, Dalichampt M2, Raguideau F3, Ricordeau P2, Blotière PO2,Rudant J2, Alla F2, Zureik M3.
Author information:
1Department of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance, 75986 Paris Cedex 20, France alain.weill@cnamts.fr.
2Department of Studies in Public Health, French National Health Insurance, 75986 Paris Cedex 20, France.
3French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Saint-Denis, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To assess the risk of pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke, and myocardial infarction associated with combined oral contraceptives according to dose of oestrogen (ethinylestradiol) and progestogen.
DESIGN:
Observational cohort study.
SETTING:
Data from the French national health insurance database linked with data from the French national hospital discharge database.
PARTICIPANTS:
4 945 088 women aged 15-49 years, living in France, with at least one reimbursement for oral contraceptives and no previous hospital admission for cancer, pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke, or myocardial infarction, between July 2010 and September 2012.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Relative and absolute risks of first pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke, and myocardial infarction.
RESULTS:
The cohort generated 5 443 916 women years of oral contraceptive use, and 3253 events were observed: 1800 pulmonary embolisms (33 per 100 000 women years), 1046 ischaemic strokes (19 per 100 000 women years), and 407 myocardial infarctions (7 per 100 000 women years). After adjustment for progestogen and risk factors, the relative risks for women using low dose oestrogen (20 µg v 30-40 µg) were 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.85) for pulmonary embolism, 0.82 (0.70 to 0.96) for ischaemic stroke, and 0.56 (0.39 to 0.79) for myocardial infarction. After adjustment for oestrogen dose and risk factors, desogestrel and gestodene were associated with statistically significantly higher relative risks for pulmonary embolism (2.16, 1.93 to 2.41 and 1.63, 1.34 to 1.97, respectively) compared with levonorgestrel. Levonorgestrel combined with 20 µg oestrogen was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk than levonorgestrel with 30-40 µg oestrogen for each of the three serious adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS:
For the same dose of oestrogen, desogestrel and gestodene were associated with statistically significantly higher risks of pulmonary embolism but not arterial thromboembolism compared with levonorgestrel. For the same type of progestogen, an oestrogen dose of 20 µg versus 30-40 µg was associated with lower risks of pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke, and myocardial infarction.
PMCID: PMC4862376 Free PMC Article
PMID: 27164970 [PubMed – in process]