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Cytisinicline, given for 6 or 12 weeks with behavioral support, significantly increased smoking cessation rates and reduced nicotine cravings compared to placebo.
Source
Cytisinicline for Smoking Cessation: The ORCA Phase 3 Replication Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2025 Jun 1;185(6):648-655. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0628. PMID: 40257755
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In RCTs comparing aspirin with apixaban for ischemic stroke prevention, apixaban was associated with a nonsignificantly lower risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
Source
Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage With Apixaban Versus Aspirin Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Stroke. 2025 Jun 4. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.125.051088. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40464082.
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The AAP released a policy statement about the use of chaperones for pediatric and adolescent encounters. Here’s what you need to know.
Source
Use of Chaperones for the Pediatric and Adolescent Encounter: Policy Statement. Pediatrics. 2025 Jun 1;155(6):e2025071810. doi: 10.1542/peds.2025-071810. PMID: 40383537
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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) was reported less frequently when L reuteri probiotics were taken concomitantly with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in children with otitis or sinusitis, especially for children 2 years and younger.
Source
Effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: prospective, multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (PEARL Study). Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Jun 9;184(7):408. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06249-8. PMID: 40488914
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The burden of nonclinical administrative tasks is a major contributor to primary care physician burnout and workforce decline. We need systemic reforms to restore primary care’s viability and central role in healthcare.
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Death by a Thousand Cuts – The Crushing Weight of Nonclinical Demands in Primary Care. N Engl J Med. 2025 May 8;392(18):1771-1773. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2415431. Epub 2025 May 3. PMID: 40323310
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Chiropractic care in opioid-naive veterans with low back pain significantly reduced the likelihood of opioid prescriptions within one year.
Source
The Impact of Chiropractic Care on Opioid Prescriptions in Veterans Health Administration Patients Receiving Low Back Pain Care. J Gen Intern Med. 2025 May 20. doi: 10.1007/s11606-025-09556-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40394439
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In Danish patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), very low (A1c < 5.8) and very high (A1C > 8.0) HbA1c levels were linked to worse outcomes.
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The Association Between Hemoglobin A1c and Complications Among Individuals With Diabetes and Severe Chronic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care. 2025 Jun 7:dc250339. doi: 10.2337/dc25-0339. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40481664
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Exercise, therapy (mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy), and multidisciplinary rehab produced small but clinically meaningful improvements in chronic low back pain at one year.
Source
Long-term effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Rheumatol. 2025 May 28:S2665-9913(25)00064-5. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(25)00064-5. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40449512
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Dexamethasone use for acute asthma exacerbation rose from 9% to 95% between 2013 – 2024. Compared to prednisone/prednisolone, dexamethasone was associated with slightly higher odds of ED return (aOR 1.07) but lower odds of hospitalization within 7 days (aOR 0.90).
Source
Adoption of Dexamethasone for Asthma Exacerbations. Pediatrics. 2025 Jun 5:e2024070153. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-070153. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40467067
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Supplemental oxygen use should be indicated by patient goal and disease, not their oxygen saturation percentage.
Source
A Person-Centered Approach to Supplemental Oxygen Therapy in the Outpatient Setting: A Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2025 Jun 1;185(6):720-733. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0279. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2025 Jun 1;185(6):747. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2122. PMID: 40193114