Consider testicular torsion a surgical emergency even if it is past the usual 6-8 hour mark, which is traditionally taught as the outer limit of testicular viability.  This study found that the testicle could still be salvaged over half the time from 13-24 hours from onset.

Pooling lots of studies, it looks like alpha blockers for larger kidney stones provide significant benefit with a low risk profile.

Not all patients with a kidney stone and a few WBCs on UA/micro have infection, but the more WBCs, the greater the risk.  Be sure to get a urine culture.

Kidney stones passed better after roller coaster riding using this silicon model, though the roller-coaster-as-therapy option may be a lot to ask of a person with a kidney stone.

Tamsulosin helps pass larger stones but is of no benefit for smaller (<5 mm) stones, according this this meta-analysis of 8 RCTs.