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In non-traumatic out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), administration of an initial dose of IM epinephrine by EMS prior to an established IV or IO was associated with improved survival outcomes. 

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Early intramuscular adrenaline administration is associated with improved survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2024 Aug;201:110266. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110266. Epub 2024 Jun 9. PMID: 38857847.

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Dynamic increases in continuous end-tidal CO₂ (EtCO₂) were associated with increased odds of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but EtCO₂ trended down in patients who did not achieve ROSC.

Source
Temporal Trends in End-Tidal Capnography and Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2419274. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19274. PMID: 38967927.

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Attempting initial vascular access in the field by intraosseous (IO) vs. intravenous (IV) route made no difference in survival to hospital discharge for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), despite greater IO success rates.

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Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in upper extremity among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: cluster randomised clinical trial (VICTOR trial). BMJ. 2024 Jul 23:386:e079878. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-079878. PMID: 39043416.

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In a retrospective study of 142 patients with an initial shockable rhythm and 4 to 5 episodes of recurrent/refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT), shorter duration of VF and pVT was associated with higher rates of ROSC. 

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The impact of time to defibrillation on return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with recurrent shockable rhythms. Resuscitation. 2024;201:110286. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110286. PMID: 38901663.

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Giving calcium for hyperkalemia restores normal cardiac conduction velocity but does not restore resting membrane potential, as is commonly stated.

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Beneficial Effect of Calcium Treatment for Hyperkalemia Is Not Due to "Membrane Stabilization". Crit Care Med. Published online July 24, 2024. PMID: 39046789.

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The MISSION Act Scribes Trial evaluated the implementation of medical scribes in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) EDs. Contrary to expectations, scribes decreased provider productivity and increased patient throughput times.

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Effect of the Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION) Act Scribes Trial on Emergency Department Provider Productivity and Patient Throughput Times. J Emerg Med. 2024 Jul;67(1):e89-e98. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.03.036. Epub 2024 Mar 30.

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This systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 nonrandomized studies over 30 years looking at termination of resuscitation (TOR) rules in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) found that there was insufficient evidence to support widespread implementation of TOR rules in clinical practice, as this may lead to missed survivors.

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Termination of Resuscitation Rules and Survival Among Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2420040. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20040. PMID: 38958975; PMCID: PMC11222995.

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This retrospective study assessed the benefit of AI-assisted chest x-ray interpretation for non-radiology residents when compared to radiology residents. Pneumothorax and pulmonary nodule detection, in particular, demonstrated meaningful gains in sensitivity and accuracy for non-radiology providers.

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Nonradiology Health Care Professionals Significantly Benefit From AI Assistance in Emergency-Related Chest Radiography Interpretation. Chest. 2024 Jul;166(1):157-170. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.01.039. Epub 2024 Jan 29. PMID: 38295950; PMCID: PMC11251081.

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Residents working in the emergency department were found to do significantly worse on cognitive tests and moral performance after working 5 consecutive night shifts compared to 5 day shifts.

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Effect of serial night shifts on the cognitive, psychomotor, and moral performance of residents in the department of Emergency Medicine. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 Jul 15. doi: 10.1111/acem.14980. Online ahead of print. PMID: 39007435

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A new PECARN clinical decision rule for cervical spine imaging in children after blunt trauma identifies children at low risk for C-spine injury utilizing nine risk factors.

Source
PECARN prediction rule for cervical spine imaging of children presenting to the emergency department with blunt trauma: a multicentre prospective observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2024 Jul;8(7):482-490. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00104-4. Epub 2024 Jun 4. PMID: 38843852; PMCID: PMC11261431.