What NOT to Use for Syphilis? Azithromycin Resistance Skyrockets
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Treponema pallidum, the bacteria that cause syphilis, has nearly universal (99.2%) resistance to azithromycin. Use penicillin in these patients.
Source
Near-Universal Resistance to Macrolides of Treponema pallidum in North America. N Engl J Med. 2024 Jun 13;390(22):2127-2128. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2314441. PMID: 38865666
Does Topical Diclofenac Work for Acute Low Back Pain?
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Unfortunately, topical diclofenac did not demonstrate substantial pain control and provided no added benefit, even when co-administered with oral ibuprofen for specific patients with acute low back pain.
Source
Topical Diclofenac Versus Oral Ibuprofen Versus Diclofenac + Ibuprofen for Emergency Department Patients With Acute Low Back Pain: A Randomized Study. Ann Emerg Med. 2024 Jun;83(6):542-551. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.01.037. Epub 2024 Mar 2. PMID: 38441515
Does Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis with a PPI Work?
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An international, multi-center RCT found that administering pantoprazole to intubated ICU patients lowered the rate of upper GI bleeding compared to placebo.
Source
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis during Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. N Engl J Med. Published online June 14, 2024. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2404245
GRACE-4 – New Guidelines for Alcohol Withdrawal, Alcohol Use Disorder, and Cannabis Hyperemesis
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GRACE-4 is packed with practice-changing recommendations for patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS).
Source
Guidelines for Reasonable and Appropriate Care in the Emergency Department (GRACE-4): Alcohol use disorder and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome management in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 May;31(5):425-455. doi: 10.1111/acem.14911. PMID: 38747203.
Should We Diagnose and Start Hypertension Treatment in the Emergency Department?
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This was an analysis of the 2016-2019 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) of patients presenting to the ED with asymptomatic hypertension. ED physicians infrequently diagnosed hypertension in this cohort and rarely initiated outpatient antihypertensive prescriptions.
Source
Missed Opportunities to Diagnose and Treat Asymptomatic Hypertension in Emergency Departments in the United States, 2016-2019. The Journal of emergency medicine vol. 66,5 (2024): e562-e570.
New Guidelines – Glucocorticoids for Sepsis, ARDS, and CAP
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The only strong recommendation for corticosteroid use was in patients needing to be hospitalized with severe community acquired pneumonia. The panel recommended against high-dose/short duration corticosteroids in patients with septic shock.
Source
2024 Focused Update: Guidelines on Use of Corticosteroids in Sepsis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2024 May 1;52(5):e219-e233. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000006172. Epub 2024 Jan 19. PMID: 38240492
Nebulized vs IV Sub-dissociative Ketamine for Pain
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Ketamine has been shown to be efficacious in managing acute pain conditions in the emergency department (ED), and this study showed equal efficacy between nebulized and intravenous administration of sub-dissociative ketamine (IV-SDK).
Source
Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine to Intravenous Subdissociative Dose Ketamine for Treating Acute Painful Conditions in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2024 May 1:S0196-0644(24)00171-9. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.03.024. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38703175.
Living More Days with TXA?
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This bias-adjusted meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) finds a one-month mortality benefit in trauma patients receiving tranexamic acid (TXA) during initial emergency management.
Source
Tranexamic Acid for Traumatic Injury in the Emergency Setting: A Systematic Review and Bias-Adjusted Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ann Emerg Med. 2024 May;83(5):435-445. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.10.004. Epub 2023 Nov 22. PMID: 37999653.
EPIC-SR RCT- Nirmatrelvir for Low-Risk COVID-19 Patients?
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Time to alleviation of signs and symptoms of Covid-19 did not differ significantly between patients receiving treatment with nirmaltrevir-ritonavir and those receiving placebo.
Source
Nirmatrelvir for Vaccinated or Unvaccinated Adult Outpatients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2024 Apr 4;390(13):1186-1195. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2309003. PMID: 38598573.
Fixed-Dose Ketamine 250mg IM for Prehospital Agitation
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A retrospective study of 60 patients who received a fixed-dose ketamine of 250 mg by EMS observed that 6 were intubated in the ED. There was no association between weight-based dose of ketamine and risk for intubation.
Source
Fixed dose ketamine for prehospital management of hyperactive delirium with severe agitation. Am J Emerg Med. Published online April 9, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2024.04.011