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Yesterday, we covered an article demonstrating the superior diagnostic accuracy of the new Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Diagnostic (Duke-ISCVID) criteria. Today, we cover what the new criteria actually are.

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The 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Criteria for Infective Endocarditis: Updating the Modified Duke Criteria. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 22;77(4):518-526. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad271. Erratum in: Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 13;77(8):1222.

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This external validation compared the 2023 Duke-International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Diagnostic (ISCVID) Criteria against various other criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis (IE) and found the 2023 Duke-ISCVID Criteria had the best test characteristics. Tomorrow, we'll dive into the new criteria.

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The Short-Course Oral Antibiotic Therapy of Acute Pyelonephritis (STOP trial) demonstrated that a 5-day course of amoxicillin-clavulanate was noninferior to the standard 10-day course with regard to recurrence of infection.

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STOP Trial Group. Short Oral Antibiotic Therapy for Pediatric Febrile Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized Trial. Pediatrics. 2024 Jan 1;153(1):e2023062598. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-062598.

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There was no difference in rates of bacteremia or meningitis between term and preterm infants with fever. Preterm infants had lower rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) compared to term infants.

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Rate of Urinary Tract Infections, Bacteremia, and Meningitis in Preterm and Term Infants. Pediatrics. 2024 Mar 13. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-062755. Epub ahead of print.

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Using online telemedicine platforms, the authors found that it was appallingly easy to rapidly obtain inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for symptoms of viral URIs by paying a nominal fee. This highlights the need for increased education and regulations around inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics to safeguard the public and uphold good medical practices.

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Antibiotics on Demand: Advances in Asynchronous Telemedicine Call for Increased Antibiotic Surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Feb 17;78(2):308-311. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad472.

Exciting news! JournalFeed and Dr. Amal Mattu's Top Picks Video Series is set to GO LIVE this week! It's free for Gold Spoon members or you can just get the video series. Watch this trailer and get excited!

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This systematic review and meta-analysis concluded, with moderate certainty evidence, that oseltamivir has little to no effect on hospitalization but does increase nausea and vomiting. 

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Evaluation of Oseltamivir Used to Prevent Hospitalization in Outpatients With Influenza. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Jan 1;184(1):18-27. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0699. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2023 Nov 20;: PMID: 37306992; PMCID: PMC10262060.

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All patients with infected ureteral stones necessitate a urine culture, antibiotics, and urology consultation in the ED, with the majority requiring admission for surgical intervention. Very few, in consultation with urology, who have small, non-obstructing stones and are otherwise young healthy individuals can be discharged with oral antibiotics and close follow up.

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High risk and low prevalence diseases: Infected urolithiasis. Am J Emerg Med. 2024 Jan;75:137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.10.049. Epub 2023 Nov 3.

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In febrile infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, current risk stratification tools for identifying invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) demonstrate high negative predictive values at the cost of decreased sensitivity.

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Inflammatory Markers in Febrile Young Infants With and Without SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Pediatrics. 2024;153(2):e2023063857. doi:10.1542/peds.2023-063857

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This prospective study identified a handful of clinical features associated with radiographic pneumonia in young febrile infants, including elevated procalcitonin and/or absolute neutrophil count, respiratory distress, and positive viral testing.

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Radiographic pneumonia in young febrile infants presenting to the emergency department: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Emerg Med J. 2023;41(1):13-19. Published 2023 Dec 22. doi:10.1136/emermed-2023-213089.

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This prospective multi-center stepped wedge trial found that routine molecular multiplex testing for all children who presented to pediatric EDs with acute gastroenteritis detected more clinically relevant pathogens (2.1% to 15%) and led to an adjusted 21% decrease in return visits.

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Clinical Impact of Multiplex Molecular Diagnostic Testing in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Presenting to an Emergency Department: A Multicenter Prospective Study. Preprint. medRxiv. 2023;2023.07.27.23293208. Published 2023 Jul 31. doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.23293208