Episodic prescribers (most prescribers in the ED) contributed to less than 3% of the total morphine milligram equivalents prescribed, compared to the top 5% of prescribers who were responsible for 48.8%. Efforts to curb the opioid supply may be better served by targeting high-quantity prescribers.

Total duration of opioid use was the strongest predictor of misuse. Each refill and additional week of opioid use increased the hazard of misuse by 44% and 19.9% respectively. Shorter prescriptions (<2 weeks) of high vs low dosage prescriptions had a lower hazard.

Patients may still have opiate abuse or dependence even if they have no prescriptions recorded on a public controlled substance database.

Ketamine appears to be a very effective and safe first-line drug for agitated patients in the ED.

Adolescent and young adult major depressive episodes are on the rise, and mental health service capacity hasn't kept pace.

Midazolam 5 mg/droperidol 5 mg IV was better and faster onset than droperidol 10 mg IV and olanzapine 10 mg IV for agitation.