The use of balanced crystalloids for ICU patients with sepsis was associated with a lower 30-day in-hospital mortality (26.3% vs 31.2%, P=0.01) and a lower incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days (35.4% vs 40.1%, aOR 0.78) compared to normal saline.

In this retrospective, multi-site cohort study, they found that among infants treated for UTI without CSF testing (n=505, mostly 31-60 days old), there were no cases (95% CI 0-0.6%) of delayed meningitis within 7 days of discharge.

It appears that there is no difference in treatment failure or mortality when low-risk febrile neutropenia patients are treated at home vs inpatient. But be very cautious about this.

Height of fever in febrile infants was associated with serious bacterial illness (SBI). For every 0.5 degree C increase in temperature, odds of SBI increased 48%.

The prevalence of concomitant bacterial meningitis in infants 29-60 days old with UTI was 0.25%. With this low prevalence, some would argue for selective rather than routine LP in such children.

Procalcitonin is not sufficiently accurate for ruling in or out bacterial pneumonia.

Physicians who wrote for the most antibiotics were also the ones who diagnosed sinusitis most often.  To justify writing for an antibiotic, there was a coding bias to call it “sinusitis” when in fact, it probably was just a cold.

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics were associated with an increased odds of serious arrhythmic event (SAE) from 7 up to 90 days after taking them.

Overall yield of blood culture for pediatric community acquired pneumonia (CAP) was low; 91 blood cultures were needed to get one positive result. But in children admitted to the ICU, one child had bacteremia for every 24 cultures obtained; one for every 12 in children with parapneumonic effusion.

Infants ≤60 days with no fever in the ED, normal urinalysis, and ANC <5185 had low probability for invasive bacterial infection (IBI).