Pulmonary/Allergy

Not Just for Kids – RSV vs Flu Impact on Adults

Infectious Disease, Pulmonary/Allergy

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is prevalent in hospitalized adults and is associated with higher odds of prolonged hospitalization and mechanical ventilation, particularly in patients with CHF and COPD.

Source
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus versus Influenza in Adults Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness from a Prospective Multicenter Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 24;ciad031. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad031. Online ahead of print.

PARIS-2 RCT – Does High Flow Oxygen Help Hypoxic Children?

Pediatrics, Pulmonary/Allergy

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As compared with standard oxygen therapy, high flow oxygen was associated with increased length of hospital stay in pediatric patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Source
Effect of Early High-Flow Nasal Oxygen vs Standard Oxygen Therapy on Length of Hospital Stay in Hospitalized Children With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The PARIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023;329(3):224-234.

Angioedema – Who Needs Intubation?

Airway, Critical Care, Pulmonary/Allergy

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In patients presenting with angioedema, history of hypertension, shortness of breath, drooling, and anterior tongue or pharyngeal swelling were risk factors predicting eventual need for intubation.

Source
Clinical predictors of endotracheal intubation in patients presenting to the emergency department with angioedema. Am J Emerg Med. 2023 Jan;63:44-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.10.017. Epub 2022 Oct 19.

Should We Use Steroids in Community Acquired Pneumonia Patients?

Medicine/Geriatrics, Pharmacy/Pharmacology, Pulmonary/Allergy

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Corticosteroid use was associated with a prevention of progression to mechanical ventilation among inpatients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), but it had no association with the primary outcome of mortality.

Source
Effect of corticosteroids on mortality and clinical cure in community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized control trials. Chest. 2022 Sep 7;S0012-3692(22)03705-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.08.2229. Online ahead of print.

Should We Use Plain Old Doxycycline for Pneumonia?

Infectious Disease, Medicine/Geriatrics, Pharmacy/Pharmacology, Pulmonary/Allergy

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Doxycycline is an accessible and effective option to treat both typical and atypical bacteria that may cause community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Source
Efficacy of Doxycycline for Mild-to-moderate Community-acquired Pneumonia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 29;ciac615. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac615. Online ahead of print.

CASH-75 – Atypical Pneumonia Predictor Score

Infectious Disease, Pharmacy/Pharmacology, Pulmonary/Allergy

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Using the CASH-75 score can help predict the absence of atypical pathogens (L. pneumophila or M. pneumoniae) as the causative agents of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized patients.

Source
Accuracy of a score predicting the presence of an atypical pathogen in hospitalized patients with moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 May 3;22(1):424. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07423-1.

Pediatric Asthma – One or Two-Dose Dexamethasone?

Pediatrics, Pharmacy/Pharmacology, Pulmonary/Allergy

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A single dose of dexamethasone was as effective as two in treatment of mild to moderate pediatric asthma exacerbations in the emergency department.

Source
Single-Dose Dexamethasone Is Not Inferior to 2 Doses in Mild to Moderate Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations in the Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2022 May 3. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002727. Online ahead of print.

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